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                                Mexico 

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United Mexican States 
(Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos) [1] [2] 
Mexico flag logo Mexico 
Flag logo 
National anthem: the national anthem of Mexico 
Mexico site 
DC 
(And largest city) Mexico City 
19 ° 3'N 99 ° 22'E 
Spanish the official language [3] [4] In addition to the 62 local language of the indigenous languages ​​[5] 
Ethnic groups - Mestizo 70% [6] 
- Eggs, 15% [6] 
- Native 9.8% [7] 
- Others 1% [6] 
Naming Mexican population 
Regime constitutional federal republic presidential [8] 
Head of State Enrique Peña Nieto 
Interior Minister Alejandro Bouyeri 
Supreme Court President Juan Silva Meza 
Foreign Minister Jose Antonio Maada 
The legislative authority of Congress 
- The Supreme Council of the Senate 
- The lower house Chamber of Deputies 
Independence from Spain 
- Announced September 16, 1810 
- Acknowledged by September 27, 1821 
Area 
TOTAL 1,972,550 km 2 (14) 
761 606 square miles 
Water ratio (%) 2.5 
Population 
- Census 2010 112 322 757 [9] (11) 
- Population density of 57 / km 2 (142) 
142 / sq mi 
GDP in 2011 
(PPP) 
- Total $ 1.629 trillion [10] (11) 
- $ 15.113 per capita [11] (58) 
GDP (nominal) 2011 
- Total $ 1.041 trillion [10] (13) 
- $ 9.489 per capita [10] (58) 
Gini coefficient (2008) 51.6 [12] (high) 
Human Development Index (2010) Green Arrow Up Darker.svg 0.750 [13] (high) (56) 
Currency Peso (MXN) 
Time Zone (UTC -8 and -6 shown) 
- In the summer (DST) (UTC -7 shown and -5) 
Sir right hand 
Internet code .mx 
International dialing codes 52+ 
Amendment 

United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos) [14] and is known as Mexico (Spanish: México) [15] is a federal constitutional republic in North America. Bounded on the north United States to the south and the west Pacific and south-east of Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean, and the Middle Gulf of Mexico. [16] outweigh the area of ​​almost two million square kilometers, [2] and is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth of between independent states in the world. An estimated population of more than 112 million people [9] making it the eleventh in terms of the global population and the most populous Spanish-speaking countries. Mexico is a federation of 31 states and the federal district, and is the only capital city. 

Matured several cultures and civilizations advanced in Central America, such as pre-Columbian Olmec and Altoltk and Altaoutehoakan and Zapotec and Mayan and Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain occupied the land from its base in Mexico City (Tenochtitlan) and managed subsidiary of the Spanish crown on behalf of New Spain. Became the colony eventually Mexico, where independence was recognized in 1821 was characterized by a period of post-independence economic instability and the Mexican-American War and the waiver of land for the benefit of the United States and the civil war and dictatorship empires and local. Last led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the Constitution in 1917 and the emergence of the current political system in the country. Characterized the presidential election in July 2000 as the first time that an opposition party wins out of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. 

Mexico, one of the largest economies in the world and is considered a regional power and a medium. [17] [18] In addition, Mexico was the first member of Latin America to join the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (since 1994) and is a country with a higher income than average. [19] Mexico is the new industrial countries [20] [21] [22] [23] and an emerging power. [24] has a nominal GDP thirteenth and atheist ten in terms of purchasing power parity. Linked to its economy strongly its partners in a free trade agreement in North America, especially the United States. [25] [26] occupies Mexico ranked first in the Americas and fifth in the world in terms of the number of World Heritage Sites of UNESCO's 31 locations, [27] [28] [29] in 2007 was the tenth in terms of the number of visitors in the world with 21.4 million international tourists annually. [30]

Geography 

Topographic map of Mexico 
Mexico is located between latitudes 14 degrees and 33 degrees north latitude, and longitude 86 degrees and 119 degrees west in the southern part of North America. Mexico is located almost in the entire North American plate, with small parts of the peninsula Baja California on cans Pacific and Cocos. Of the geophysical, includes some geographers region east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (around 12% of the total) within Central America. [109] In terms of geopolitical Mexico are regarded as entirely within North America as well as Canada and the United States. [110] 

The area of ​​Mexico 1,972,550 km 2, making it the state fourteenth among countries in the world in terms of total area, and includes approximately 6,000 km2 of islands in the Pacific Ocean (including the island of Guadalupe and remote islands Riviagaguido and the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean and the Gulf of California. Extends Mexico along the 3,219 km between the maximum two points north and south. 

Mexico participates in the north up to a length of 3,141 km with the United States. Determine River meanders Bravo del Norte (known as the great river in the United States) border from Ciudad Juarez to the east to the Gulf of Mexico. Identifies a series of natural and synthetic labels US-Mexican border to the west from Ciudad Juarez to the Pacific Ocean. From the south, Mexico owns 871 km from the border with Guatemala and 251 km from the border with Belize. 

Cleaves Mexico from north to south Jblitan Tarafan Two series on behalf of the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Bank and are an extension of the Rocky Mountains from northern North America. The center in east-west direction is thus the country through the Mexican Volcanic Belt also known as the Sierra Nevada. While stretching is the fourth mountain range Sierra Madre South of Michoacan to Oaxaca. [111] 

The vast majority of the Mexican territory of Central and Northern at high altitudes, and the highest elevations in the belt of volcanic across Mexico: Pico de Orizaba (5,700 m) and Popocatepetl (5462 m) and Azataksehuatel (5286 m) and Nevado de Toluca (4577 m). There are three major urban agglomerations in the valleys between these four elevations: Toluca and Mexico City and Puebla major. [111] 

Climate [edit] 


Baja California desert 

Ayla Bay. 
Tropic of Cancer divides the country into temperate regions and tropical. Live land north of latitude 24 cool temperatures during the winter months. While land south of latitude 24 test temperatures relatively constant throughout the year and differ only by the altitude. Mexico makes it one of the most diverse weather systems in the world. 

Possesses the areas south of Latitude 24 elevations of up to 1,000 meters (the southern parts of both coastal plains and the Yucatan Peninsula) average annual temperature at 24-28 degrees Celsius. Temperatures here remain high throughout the year, where the difference between the average summer and winter is only 5 degrees Celsius. Each suffers from Mexico coastline east and west with the exception of the southern coast of the Bay of Campeche and northern Baja from serious hurricanes during the summer and autumn. Although the low-lying areas north of the line of 24 hot and humid in the summer, but they generally have average annual temperatures less (from 20 to 24 degrees Celsius) because of more moderate conditions during the winter. 

Fall of several major Mexican cities in the Valley of Mexico or in adjacent valleys altitude of 2000 meters in general. This situation gives it a moderate climate throughout the year, with average annual temperatures (between 16 to 18 ° C) and cool temperatures at night throughout the year. 


Many parts of Mexico, particularly in the north, Java has a climate with sporadic rainfall while parts of the tropical low lands in the south Madol has an annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm. For example, many cities in the north like Monterrey and Mexicali Ayrmosalo and with temperatures at 40 degrees Celsius or more in summer. In the Sonoran desert temperature reaches 50 degrees Celsius or more.