the Travellers

                                 AUSTRALIA

Environment

Animal koala and eucalyptus form a symbol of Australia 
Although most of Australia's semi-arid regions or desert, but it possesses a variety of environments, such as the Alpine environment to tropical forests, and therefore are classified as countries with extreme biodiversity. Because of the age of the continent's large, diverse climatic regions, and long-term geographic isolation, most of the organisms in Australian unique and diverse. About 85% of the flowers and (84%) of mammals and 45% of birds and 89% of fish that live in temperate climate endemic on the continent. [90] Australia has a large number of reptiles, where up to 755 type . [91] 
Most of the forest is composed of Australia always evergreen species, particularly eucalyptus trees in the less arid deserts and clustered in dry areas as the most prevalent species. [92] Among the most famous Australian animals are singlet route (the platypus and echidna); And a group of marsupials, such as kangaroos and koala and wombat, and birds such as Imo and Alecoqabouri. [92] and is considered Australia is home to many dangerous animals in including more snakes poisonous in the world. [93] extinct many plants since the settlement the first human to the continent, [94] including so huge Australian fauna, and others disappeared since European settlement, such as Telsen. [95] [96] 
There are many areas of Australian ecosystems, and many species are threatened due to human activities. [97] and the federal Environmental Protection Act and biodiversity conservation for 1999 is the legal framework for the protection of endangered species. And established many of the natural reserves in the framework of the International Strategy for conservation and protection of biodiversity Australian and preserve unique ecosystems. [98] [99] and ranked 65 wet area within the Ramsar Convention, [100] and established 16 World Heritage sites. [101] and was Australia occupies ranked No. 51 among 163 in environmental Performance Index 2010. [102] 

Demography
Census Australia [103] 
In Australia the indigenous population 
Pre-1788 750,000 to 1,000,000. [51] 
In the non-indigenous population percentage increase% 
1788 900 - 
1800 5,200 14.6% 
1850 405 400 8.7% 
General population rate of increase% 
3.7653 million in 1900 - 
1910 4.5251 million 1.8% 
1920 5.411 million 1.8% 
1930 6.501 million 1.8% 
1940 7.078 million 0.9% 
1950 8.307 million 1.6% 
10.392 million 1960 2.2% 
12.663 million 1970 2.0% 
14.726 million 1980 1.5% 
17.169 million 1990 1.5% 
19.1691 million in 2000 to 1.1% 
20.971 million 2010 0.9% 
Since several generations, and the largest share of immigrants came to Australia from Britain, and the majority of Australians generally of British and Irish origins. In the statistics of 2006, the proportion of Australians in Australia (37.13%) [104] and the British (32%), Irish (9%) and Alscottlndean (8%) and Italians (4%) and German (4%) and Chinese (3%) and Greeks. (2%) [105] 
Australia's population has doubled four times after the end of the First World War, as a result of the large increase in immigration. [106] after World War II to 2000, 5.9 million people migrated to Australia, and dwelt by the new immigrants. This means that every two out of every seven Australians came from abroad. [107] For reasons of family or asylum larger share of the causes of migration. [108] and plans to Australia in 2050 will be a population of 42 million people. [109] 
In 2001, the proportion (23.1%) of Australians in Australia were born overseas, and the five largest groups of migrants were from the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Italy, Vietnam and China. [88] [110] In 1998-99, the number of immigrants to 67,900 and between 2005-06, emigrated more than 131.00 to Australia are mostly came from Asia and Oceania, [111] and are currently seeking in Australia between 2010-11 to reach 168 700 the number of immigrants. [112] 
The number of Indigenous Australians-Aburgien and residents Strait Torres- equal to 410 003 people (ie 2.2 of the total population) in 2001, a significant rise after that was 115 953 people in the statistics in 1976 [113] have not been calculated by a large number of indigenous people and so are heading to their third Balahsaúah registered, but then when you counted the number would be 460 140 people (or 2.4% of the total population) in 2001. [114] 

Experiencing rates of imprisonment and unemployment Australian Aborigines more than normal [115], in addition to the low level of education, and life expectancy have less B11-17 population non-indigenous to Australia. [88] [116] [117] have described some of the remote communities of indigenous people on the they failed societies.
Geography [edit] 


Topographic map of the continent of Australia 
Australia is considered an area of ​​7.61793 million square kilometers (2.9413 million mi 2) [14] on the surface of the Australian continent. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east, and is separated from Asia Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea and is separated from the Tasman Sea, New Zealand, and is separated from the Antarctic Ocean Antarctica. Australia is the smallest continent in the world [15] and the sixth largest country in the world by area [16]. Australia is -nzera to size and Anazalha- island continent, and is the largest island in the world [17]. Space is considered the shores of Australia 34,218 kilometers (21,262 miles) (excluding all offshore islands) [18] Australia has many areas and wide of the exclusive economic zones is estimated at 8.14825 million square kilometers (3.14606 million mi 2). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian territory in Antarctica. Macquarie Islands with the exception of Australia located between 9 ° to 44 ° S, 122 ° to 154 ° east. 

The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world, [14] is located at a short distance from the beach and the north-eastern Imitk about 2,000 kilometers (1,240 mi). The grand-term separation is the largest mountain range in Australia, it extends from the northeastern state of Queensland along the east coast of New South Wales through and then up to the state of Victoria in the south to turn to the West. The highest mountain in the territory of Australia along the 2,228 meter (7,310 feet) is a mountain Khusizko in the Great Devaedenig, [19] despite the existing mount more high from it, but the county's Australian Heard Island, a Mount Mason Peck, who is fit to rise to 2,745 meters (9,006 ft). [20] 


Climatic zones of Australia 
   Tropical 
   Orbital 
   Subtropical 
   Desert 
   Promoter and Savannah 
   Moderate 
Australia is the continent most flattest [21], and the soil is the oldest and least fertile, [22] [23] It is almost desert land or semi-desert and represents the remote areas of the bulk of the ground, which is more a continent drier Mhúlh; except for areas in the south east and south west of temperate climate. [24] the population density of 2.8 people per square kilometer, and is one of the lowest in the world. [25] Although the population, mostly living in the south-east coast with a temperate climate [26]. Landscapes abound in Chemli part of the country, and the upper limb and what areas behind Carpintarya Bay, which is characterized by tropical climates, and the presence of forests by land and grassland and desert. [27] [28] [29]. While in the northwest corner of the continent, it is the area slopes and valleys of sandstone gorges of the Kimberley region and Pilbara below them in the south and inland areas. While the highlands of central Australia is the heart of Australia. [30] 

Influenced by the climate in Australia dramatically currents of the ocean-including the phenomenon of the poles of the Indian Ocean and the phenomenon of Alnino- linked to drought-league, season tropical low pressure causes hurricanes in the north of Australia. [31] [32] These factors contribute to the onset of rains, which vary significantly from year to year. Prevails most of the northern part of the country's tropical climate with summer rains (seasonal). [33] and three-quarters of Australia lies within a region of desert or semi-desert. [34] and is a corner of the south-west of the State within the territory of the Mediterranean climate, [35] and most of the south-east (including Tasmania) with a mild climate. [33]